Relative Major or Minor, Major and Minors of Same Key (Relative Key)

A concept vital to playing chords and leads is that of a Relative Key (Relative Major or Relative Minor). These are pairs of major and harmonic minors scales that scare the same key signature, meaning that these pairs of major and minor scales are made up of the same seven constituent notes. These exist in pairs of a major with a minor and the notes of the two are such that:

The relative key of a minor scale is a major scale and the relative key of a major scale is a minor scale

A relative key, often called "related major / minor" can be found by the following method:

• The relative minor of a major scale (or chord) is the minor scale that starts with the note that is three semitones below the root note of that major chord
• The relative major of a major scale (or chord) is the major scale that starts with the note that is three semitones above the root note of that minor chord

Let us take the example of C major and A minor scales:

C major scale is composed of the notes: C D E F G A B
A minor scale is composed of the notes: A B C D E F G,

On a closer inspection, we see that not only do they have the same notes, they are in the same cyclical sequence, just the tonic has shifted down by 3 semitones - (A B C D E F G A B C)

Thus C major and A minor are in a relative key, making C major the relative major of A minor and A minor the relative minor of C major.

Similar pairs are: Cb major / Ab minor, D major / B minor, Eb major / C minor, and so on and so forth, including G major / E minor, F major / D minor, etc
http://basicmusictheory.blogspot.com/2009/09/relative-major-or-minor-major-and.html

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Relative Major or Minor, Major and Minors of Same Key (Relative Key)