The Bass Guitar - construction, tuning

A standard bass guitar is a 4 stringed instrument. It is tuned (top/ 4th to bottom/1st string) to the notes E, A, D and G, in the octave just below those of a regular guitar.

Thus the 4th string of a base is tuned to the E note an octave below the E note played by the 6th string of a standard tuned guitar. And similarly for the other three strings. Thus the base is tuned to the lower frequency / heavier four strings of a standard guitar.

The bass guitar performs the rhythm section of most modern pieces.
http://basicmusictheory.blogspot.com/2009/09/bass-guitar-construction-tuning.html

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The Bass Guitar - construction, tuning