Ties, Ligatures, Tuplets, Chords, Grace & Touch Notes in Staff Notation

Chapter – 3B
Basics of Music Notation:

Tie: here the note times gets added. The notes without the tie would be played as individuals.

Ligatures: indicate glide notes, i.e. the finger slides from D to A as shown in the figure above, playing all the notes in between in the process, very quickly.

Tuplets: Very useful when a certain odd pattern is to be played fast. It denotes the entire time allotted to playing the entire thing on to of the bar above in terms of the number of meter units (e.g. quarter notes for 4/4 time) – here it is 3 (since the clef isn’t shown here, we can’t say “3 times the length of” what.)

Chords: These are 3 or more notes played at one time. The notes to be played are indicated as well as their times in standard notation.

Arpeggiated Chord: A wavy vertical line in front of the chord symbol indicates that the chords is to be played one note at a time in a flow – for a guitar, from the heaviest (6th) to the lightest (1st) string.

Grace Note: The time of the main note is shared equally by the first note (smaller in size).

Touch Note: The time given to the first (smaller in size) note is very small while the rest of the time is taken by the main note.

Touch and grace notes are not to be confused. One shares the time 50:50 while the other shares only a fraction of the time of the main note. They are both written as smaller in size on the paper distinguishing them from ties where each note maintains its duration.
http://basicmusictheory.blogspot.com/2008/11/some-more-basics-of-music-notation.html

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